Using Hormone Therapy to Slow Prostate Cancer Growth
- Actor Robert De Niro, 80, was once diagnosed with prostate cancer as he was about to begin filming “Hide and Seek.” Routine prostate cancer screening helped catch the cancer in its early stages. Filming was delayed by a few months while he underwent treatment.
- Hormone therapy can help slow prostate cancer growth. Hormone therapy is sometimes referred to as androgen suppression therapy because it aims to lower androgens, the male hormones that can stimulate prostate cancer growth.
- Hormone therapy can be used for localized (cancer confined to the prostate) and regionalized (cancer slightly beyond the prostate). However, hormone therapy is considered the first line of treatment for metastatic prostate cancer, meaning the cancer has spread far beyond the prostate.
- Standard testing methods for prostate cancer include a digital rectal exam and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. This test measures the level of PSA in the blood, and higher levels can indicate cancer.
- Prostate cancer is a common cancer among men. Fortunately, most prostate cancer is caught with screening examinations. Common symptoms include frequent or difficulty urinating or blood in urine.
One of Hollywood’s biggest stars, Robert De Niro, 80, prostate cancer diagnosis cost him and the cast of the psychological thriller “Hide and Seek” an on-time movie launch. Around the time filming was set to begin, De Niro was diagnosed with cancer, affecting the insurance for the production causing delays.
As pre-production for the film began in 2003, De Niro’s prostate cancer diagnosis became public. Around that time, the insurance company for the production was none too pleased.
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De Niro’s Prostate Cancer Journey
De Niro’s prostate cancer journey began when he was 60 years old, following a routine prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening test. An elevated PSA test does not always mean you have prostate cancer. It could also reflect that your prostate is enlarged, which is common, or it could signal an infection or inflammation.
Your doctor may also conduct a digital rectal exam (DRE) to check your prostate for lumps.
Depending on the results of these tests, imaging scans and a biopsy may be ordered.
De Niro hasn’t been too vocal about his cancer diagnosis. He underwent treatment at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center before making a full recovery. Years after battling the disease, the actor started preaching awareness to men about prostate cancer.
More on Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is a common cancer among men. It starts in the walnut-shaped prostate gland between the rectum and bladder, producing the fluid that nourishes sperm. Fortunately, most prostate cancer is caught with screening examinations.
Prostate cancer does not always behave the same in every man it impacts. The cancer can be considered “low-risk” and can be slow-growing, and treatment might not be necessary. In other men, the cancer may grow faster or more aggressively, requiring more immediate treatment. Because of this, there is some debate about screening.
Symptoms of prostate cancer may include:
- Urinating more often
- Waking up in the middle of the night to pee
- Blood in your urine
- Trouble getting an erection
- Pain or burning when you urinate
- Pain in your back, hips, thighs, or other bones
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
Treatment Options for Prostate Cancer
After testing and establishing your risk, your doctor will discuss possible treatment options. Treatment ranges from “active surveillance,” usually for men with low-risk prostate cancer, which again involves regular testing every six months to monitor the prostate and check for any progression of the disease.
More aggressive treatment options include surgery and radiation therapy.
Surgery is an option for men with any risk group of prostate cancer that hasn’t spread outside of the prostate gland. The type of surgery most often used is called a radical prostatectomy.
During the procedure, the surgeon removes the entire prostate, along with some tissue around it, including the seminal vesicles that release fluid into the semen. Your doctor can perform this through a traditional open procedure with one large or several small incisions called laparoscopic surgery.
Surgery side effects may include erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence. Fortunately, the side effects are usually temporary, and there are ways to help you manage them.
Radiation therapy is often done when prostate cancer is caught early and confined to the prostate gland.
When Is Hormone Therapy Appropriate for Prostate Cancer Treatment?
Hormone therapy can help slow prostate cancer growth. Hormone therapy is sometimes referred to as androgen suppression therapy because it aims to lower androgens, the male hormones that can stimulate prostate cancer growth. It is sometimes used by itself or in combination with other treatments such as radiation or surgery. This treatment is a practical and common treatment approach for prostate cancer.
WATCH: Understanding hormone therapy for prostate cancer
Hormone therapy is more likely to be used for more aggressive localized (confined to the prostate) prostate cancer. Suppose you have surgery to remove the prostate. In that case, hormone therapy may be used afterward to address any high-risk features that may be found during surgery or if tests reveal you have elevated PSA in the blood after surgery.
If the cancer is regionalized, meaning it’s spread a little beyond the prostate, hormone therapy in combination with radiation therapy may be an option.
Metastatic or stage 4 prostate cancer is often treated first by hormone therapy in combination with other medications.
While there are different types of hormone therapy drugs aimed at decreasing androgens (male hormones) that cause prostate cancer cells to grow, they can also leave patients with lingering side effects.
Some of the side effects of hormone therapy may include:
- Decreased sexual desire
- Fatigue
- Erectile dysfunction
- Weight gain
- Muscle loss
Questions for Your Doctor
If you have experienced symptoms associated with prostate cancer or have a screening coming up, here are some questions you may ask your doctor:
- If I had elevated PSA levels, what could be causing that besides cancer?
- How long will it take to learn if my PSA levels warrant further testing?
- What are the treatment options that are best suited for me based on my risk level?
- What financial resources exist to help me with the costs associated with treatment?
- How long will my potential treatment prevent me from working or continuing normal activities?
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