Prospective Randomized Endovascular Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis

Inclusion Criteria:

Age 18-65 years

EDSS 0-6.5
Diagnosis of relapsing MS according to the McDonald criteria (Polman et al., 2005)
Be on treatment with currently FDA approved disease-modifying treatments
Evidence of ≥2 sonographic parameters of suspicious abnormal extracranial cerebral venous outflow (see Table 1 background and 1.5 section)
Demonstration of venous occlusive disease on cervical MRV
Normal renal function: creatinine clearance level of >60:

Constant= 1.23 for men; 1.04 for women

Exclusion Criteria:

• Relapse, disease progression and steroid treatment in the 30 days preceding study entry

Pre-existing medical conditions known to be associated with brain pathology (e.g., neurodegenerative disorder, cerebrovascular disease, positive history of alcohol abuse, etc.)
Severe peripheral chronic venous insufficiency
Abnormal renal function
Contrast allergy (anaphylaxis)
Not accepting to undergo the endovascular treatment
Peripheral Vascular Disease